{"id":5350,"date":"2023-09-14T09:26:28","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T01:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/?p=5350"},"modified":"2023-09-14T09:26:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T01:26:42","slug":"invar-powder-composition-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/news\/invar-powder-composition-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Invar Tozu: Kompozisyon, \u00d6zellikler ve Uygulamalar"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/iron-based-alloy-powder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Invar tozu<\/a> son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanan oranlarda demir ve nikelden olu\u015fan bir nikel-demir ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tozudur. Invar&#8221; ad\u0131, sabit boyutlar\u0131na ve termal genle\u015fme ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmeye kar\u015f\u0131 direncine at\u0131fta bulunan &#8220;de\u011fi\u015fmez&#8221; kelimesinden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu, \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda hassasiyet ve do\u011fruluk gerektiren uygulamalarda \u00f6nemli bir malzeme haline gelmi\u015ftir. E\u015fsiz \u00f6zellikleri, invar tozunun optik, elektronik, yap\u0131sal ve par\u00e7a boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bo\u015fluk toleranslar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n kritik oldu\u011fu di\u011fer uygulamalarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131lavuz, invar tozunun bile\u015fimini, temel \u00f6zelliklerini, \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerini, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131, teknik \u00f6zelliklerini ve di\u011fer teknik verilerini kapsayan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir genel bak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar. \u0130nvar ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck genle\u015fmeli ala\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tedarik\u00e7i bilgileri, g\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131m prosed\u00fcrleri, test standartlar\u0131 ve SSS b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Toz Bile\u015fimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a -38 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nikel i\u00e7erir, bakiye ise demirdir. Az miktarda manganez, silikon ve karbon gibi di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri de mevcut olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu aral\u0131ktaki kesin nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fi, uygulama i\u00e7in istenen termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek nikel y\u00fczdeleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 1: Invar Tozunun Tipik Bile\u015fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Bile\u015fen<\/th><th>A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nikel (Ni)<\/td><td>36 &#8211; 38%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Demir (Fe)<\/td><td>Denge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Manganez (Mn)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Silisyum (Si)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karbon (C)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.1%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Demir-nikel oranlar\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde hacim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini en aza indiren \u00f6stenitik y\u00fcz merkezli k\u00fcbik bir kristal yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu benzersiz davran\u0131\u015f, nikel ve demirin ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerindeki z\u0131t etkilerinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Demir pozitif bir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahipken nikel negatif bir katsay\u0131ya sahiptir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k nikel i\u00e7eri\u011finde, bu etkiler birbirini dengeleyerek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck net termal genle\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-1024x361.png\" alt=\"invar tozu\" class=\"wp-image-3680\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-1024x361.png 1024w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-1536x541.png 1536w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f Metal Tozlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Toz \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozunun belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r (CTE). CTE, bir derecelik s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi ba\u015f\u0131na genle\u015fme veya b\u00fcz\u00fclme derecesini \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozunun CTE'si i\u00e7in tipik de\u011ferler 20\u00b0C'de ~1,2 x 10-6\/\u00b0C ile 100-300\u00b0C aras\u0131nda ~1,8 x 10-6\/\u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu, di\u011fer metallerin \u00e7o\u011fundan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in, al\u00fcminyumun CTE de\u011feri ~24 x 10-6\/\u00b0C ve paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin ~17 x 10-6\/\u00b0C'dir. Bu, invar\u0131 geni\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k band\u0131nda boyutsal olarak olduk\u00e7a kararl\u0131 hale getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 2: Invar Tozunun Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>M\u00fclkiyet<\/th><th>De\u011ferler<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Termal Genle\u015fme Katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/td><td>1.2 &#8211; 1,8 x 10-6\/\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yo\u011funluk<\/td><td>8.0 &#8211; 8,2 g\/cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00d6zg\u00fcl Is\u0131<\/td><td>450 J\/kg-K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Termal \u0130letkenlik<\/td><td>10 &#8211; 30 W\/m-K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elektriksel Diren\u00e7lilik<\/td><td>70 &#8211; 80 \u03bc\u03a9-cm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Young&#8217;s Mod\u00fcl\u00fc<\/td><td>140 &#8211; 145 GPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Poisson&#8217;s Oran\u0131<\/td><td>0.294 &#8211; 0.305<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c7ekme Dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/td><td>200 &#8211; 240 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Erime Noktas\u0131<\/td><td>1420 &#8211; 1450\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Termal stabiliteye ek olarak, invar tozu \u015funlar\u0131 sunar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve sertlik<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fckemmel korozyon direnci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130yi elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oksidasyona ve ya\u015flanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaynak ve sert lehimleme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hassas i\u015fleme kabiliyeti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zelliklerin kombinasyonu, invar tozunun zorlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda iyi performans g\u00f6stermesini sa\u011flar. Par\u00e7alar s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmalar\u0131nda do\u011frulu\u011fu korur ve y\u00fck alt\u0131nda deformasyona kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Tozu \u00dcretimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu, ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n eritilmesini ve erimi\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n ince damlac\u0131klar halinde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir i\u015flem olan gaz atomizasyonu yoluyla \u00fcretilir. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz jetleri metal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7arparak k\u00fcresel toz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Partik\u00fcl boyutu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 gaz ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, nozul tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve di\u011fer parametreler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kontrol edilir. Gaz atomize invar tozu genellikle 10 ila 150 mikron aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen partik\u00fcl boyutlar\u0131na sahiptir. Daha ince atomizasyon mikron alt\u0131 toz \u00fcretebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Su atomizasyonu, tipik olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutlar\u0131na sahip invar tozu yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Erimi\u015f ala\u015f\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su jetleri taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz atomize toz, su atomizasyonuna k\u0131yasla p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir y\u00fczey morfolojisine sahiptir ve daha iyi ak\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikleri sergiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kat\u0131la\u015fmadan sonra, invar tozu istenen par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutu fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in eleme i\u015flemine tabi tutulur. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015flemden kaynaklanan gerilimleri azaltmak ve \u00f6zellikleri optimize etmek i\u00e7in tavlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Tozu Uygulamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozunun uygulamalar\u0131, son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r. Par\u00e7a boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fluk toleranslar\u0131n\u0131n, hizalaman\u0131n ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri \u00fczerindeki hassasiyetin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n kritik oldu\u011fu yerlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 3: Invar Tozu Uygulamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>End\u00fcstri<\/th><th>Uygulama<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Optik<\/td><td>Ayna bo\u015fluklar\u0131, reflekt\u00f6rler, montajlar, optik tezgahlar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elektronik<\/td><td>Hassas diren\u00e7ler, alt tabakalar, contalar, konekt\u00f6rler<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Savunma<\/td><td>Ate\u015f kontrol aletleri, ataletsel g\u00fcd\u00fcm sistemleri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay<\/td><td>Antenler, kompozit matrisler, uydu ve teleskop bile\u015fenleri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Enerji<\/td><td>Yak\u0131t h\u00fccreleri, bataryalar, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k contalar\u0131 i\u00e7in contalar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Otomotiv<\/td><td>Oksijen sens\u00f6rleri, yak\u0131t enjeksiyon sistemleri<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 \u00f6zel uygulamalar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc stabilitesinin korunmas\u0131 gereken teleskoplar, mikroskoplar, lazerler, litografi ve optik metroloji ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayna bo\u015fluklar\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Termal genle\u015fme ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmeden etkilenmeyen s\u0131k\u0131 diren\u00e7 toleranslar\u0131 gerektiren hassas diren\u00e7ler. Invar'\u0131n TCR'si (s\u0131cakl\u0131k diren\u00e7 katsay\u0131s\u0131) son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ile mikron d\u00fczeyinde hizalama do\u011frulu\u011funun korunmas\u0131 gereken mikroelektronik ve optoelektronik i\u00e7in contalar, konekt\u00f6rler, paketler ve alt tabakalar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boyutsal kalibrasyonun donan\u0131m\u0131n geni\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 band\u0131nda minimum d\u00fczeyde genle\u015fmesine ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli aletler ve metroloji ara\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk y\u00f6r\u00fcnge d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri boyunca uygun elektromanyetik \u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve iletimi i\u00e7in hassas \u015fekle sahip olmas\u0131 gereken anten ve yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7anaklar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzay aynalar\u0131 ve uygun CTE ile birlikte sertlik gerektiren yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in kompozit matris takviyesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uydu faydal\u0131 y\u00fckleri ve uzay arac\u0131 sistemleri i\u00e7in hassas bile\u015fenler ve montajlar, hizalamay\u0131 ve i\u015flevselli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi gerekirken \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ve di\u011fer zorlu uygulamalarda, invar&#8217;\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc termal boyutsal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar ve kritik performans parametrelerinin s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden etkilenmemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3-1024x532.jpg\" alt=\"invar tozu\" class=\"wp-image-2975\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3-1024x532.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3-768x399.jpg 768w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3.jpg 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Toz \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu, farkl\u0131 \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve son kullan\u0131m gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli boyut aral\u0131klar\u0131nda, safl\u0131klarda ve ala\u015f\u0131m derecelerinde mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 4: Invar Toz Boyutu \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Mesh Boyutu<\/th><th>Mikron Boyutu<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>-140<\/td><td>106 \u03bcm'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-100<\/td><td>150 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-325<\/td><td>45 \u03bcm'den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-400<\/td><td>38 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-635<\/td><td>20 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-10 \u03bcm<\/td><td>10 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-2,5 \u03bcm<\/td><td>2.5 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Daha ince invar tozu, ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k ve paketleme yo\u011funlu\u011fu gerektiren katk\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7in uygundur. Daha kaba toz, geleneksel pres ve sinter \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimyasal safl\u0131k seviyeleri end\u00fcstriyel s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in ile y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in ,9 veya daha y\u00fcksek aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fi 50 ppm'nin alt\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nikeli -38 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131mlar ~0,9 x 10-6\/\u00b0C ila ~2 x 10-6\/\u00b0C aras\u0131nda CTE'ler \u00fcretir. Mn, Si ve C de ayarlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 5: Invar Toz Ala\u015f\u0131m Kaliteleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ala\u015f\u0131m S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th><th>Nikel %<\/th><th>CTE x 10-6\/\u00b0C<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Invar 36\u00ae<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nilo 36\u00ae<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pernifer 36\u00ae<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Invar 38\u00ae<\/td><td>38%<\/td><td>~0.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimyasal bile\u015fim i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 standartlar \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ASTM F3061 &#8211; Hassas Camdan Metale Contalar i\u00e7in D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Genle\u015fmeli Nikel-Demir Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DIN 1.3912 &#8211; Contalar ve Hassas Alet Bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7in D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Genle\u015fmeli Ala\u015f\u0131m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar Toz Tedarik\u00e7ileri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu, \u00f6nde gelen k\u00fcresel \u00f6zel metal tozu tedarik\u00e7ilerinden temin edilebilir. Tipik fiyatland\u0131rma, ala\u015f\u0131m derecesine, toz boyutuna ve sipari\u015f miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 50 $\/kg ila 120 $\/kg aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 6: Invar Toz Tedarik\u00e7ileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Tedarik\u00e7i<\/th><th>\u00dcr\u00fcn S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sandvik<\/td><td>Osprey\u00ae Invar tozlar\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hoganas<\/td><td>Astaloy\u00ae Invar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kymera<\/td><td>Invar 36, Invar 38<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CNPC<\/td><td>Invar ala\u015f\u0131m tozlar\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Epson Atmix<\/td><td>Invar ince tozlar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ta\u015f\u0131ma ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozunun sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir tehlikesi yoktur. Ancak, metalik tozlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bunlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik standart g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Koruyucu eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve toz maskesi kullan\u0131n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tozlar\u0131n ciltle temas\u0131ndan veya solunmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yeterli havaland\u0131rma ve toz toplama sa\u011flay\u0131n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toz tozlar yan\u0131c\u0131 olabilece\u011finden ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzak tutun<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu temiz ve kuru bir ortamda kapal\u0131 kaplarda saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Oksidasyona veya nemden kaynaklanan kontaminasyona izin veren ko\u015fullardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Muayene ve Test Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozunun spesifikasyonlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli test ve denetim prosed\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kimyasal bile\u015fim<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; \u0130nd\u00fcktif olarak e\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f plazma k\u00fctle spektroskopisi (ICP-MS), optik emisyon spektroskopisi (OES) ve yanma analizi Ni, Fe ve di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerini belirler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Lazer difraksiyon partik\u00fcl boyutu analiz\u00f6rleri toz boyutu aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er. Elek analizi, partik\u00fclleri boyut fraksiyonlar\u0131na ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mikroyap\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Enerji da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 spektroskopisi (SEM-EDS) ile taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu, toz morfolojisini, i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve mevcut fazlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Gaz veya su piknometrisi toz yo\u011funlu\u011funu \u00f6l\u00e7er ve teorik yo\u011funlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kristal yap\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 (XRD), y\u00fcz merkezli k\u00fcbik faz\u0131 ve kafes parametrelerini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Hall ak\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7er hunileri ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, geri tepme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer toz \u00f6zelliklerini belirler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Termal genle\u015fme<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Dilatometri, boyutsal de\u011fi\u015fim testleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir dizi s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CTE'yi \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di\u011fer testler<\/strong>&nbsp;toz yatak yo\u011funlu\u011fu, Hall ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131, nem analizi, oksijen ve nitrojen i\u00e7eri\u011fi, musluk yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve mikrobiyolojik testler uygulama spesifikasyonlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sayg\u0131n tedarik\u00e7ilerden al\u0131nan analiz sertifikalar\u0131, invar tozunun gerekli kalite kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar ve Di\u011fer D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Genle\u015fmeli Ala\u015f\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar, yayg\u0131n ala\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE'ye sahip olsa da, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme sa\u011flamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka nikel ve demir-nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 7: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Tozlar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ala\u015f\u0131m<\/th><th>CTE x 10-6\/\u00b0C<\/th><th>Kompozisyon<\/th><th>Notlar<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Invar 36<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><td>36 Ni, denge Fe<\/td><td>En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE, y\u00fcksek mukavemet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Invar 38<\/td><td>~0.9<\/td><td>38 Ni, denge Fe<\/td><td>Invar 36'dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kovar<\/td><td>~5.9<\/td><td>29 Ni, Co, bal. Fe<\/td><td>Invar ve \u00e7elik aras\u0131ndaki CTE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ala\u015f\u0131m 45<\/td><td>~5<\/td><td>45 Ni, bal. Fe<\/td><td>Invar'dan daha ucuz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ala\u015f\u0131m 46<\/td><td>~2<\/td><td>46 Ni, bal. Fe<\/td><td>CTE invar'a daha yak\u0131n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00fcper Invar<\/td><td>~0.4<\/td><td>32 Ni, bal. Fe + Co ilaveleri<\/td><td>Son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Invar ve Di\u011fer D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Art\u0131lar\u0131 ve Eksileri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tablo 8: Art\u0131 ve Eksilerin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ala\u015f\u0131m<\/th><th>Art\u0131lar\u0131<\/th><th>Eksiler<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Invar<\/td><td>\u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, kararl\u0131 CTE<\/td><td>Di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131mlara g\u00f6re daha pahal\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>M\u00fckemmel g\u00fc\u00e7<\/td><td>Al veya polimerlerden daha y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0130yi korozyon direnci<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kovar<\/td><td>\u0130nvardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet<\/td><td>Invar'dan daha y\u00fcksek CTE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0130\u015flenmesi ve \u015fekillendirilmesi kolay<\/td><td>Termal olarak daha az kararl\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Borosilikat cama s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flar<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ala\u015f\u0131m 45<\/td><td>Invar'dan daha ucuz<\/td><td>Invar'dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck performans<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in uygulanabilir CTE<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ala\u015f\u0131m 46<\/td><td>Ala\u015f\u0131m 45'ten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE<\/td><td>Invar'dan hala daha y\u00fcksek CTE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0130yi \u00f6zellik kombinasyonu<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00fcper Invar<\/td><td>Son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE<\/td><td>Kaynak bulmak daha zor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u00dcst\u00fcn termal kararl\u0131l\u0131k<\/td><td>Daha y\u00fcksek maliyet<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde maksimum boyutsal kararl\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren en zorlu uygulamalar i\u00e7in invar&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve son derece \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir CTE'si onu e\u015fsiz k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maliyetin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011fu ancak termal performans\u0131n yine de iyi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi durumlarda, Kovar ve Alloy 45 gibi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, genle\u015fme \u00f6zelliklerinden \u00f6d\u00fcn vererek uygun fiyatl\u0131 alternatifler sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder.jpg\" alt=\"invar tozu\" class=\"wp-image-4386\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder.jpg 710w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SSS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar tozu neyden yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu esas olarak -38 nikelden olu\u015fur ve bakiye demirdir. Az miktarda manganez, silikon ve karbon da mevcut olabilir. Bu bile\u015fim, son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar tozu nas\u0131l \u00fcretilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n eritildi\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz jetleri kullan\u0131larak ince k\u00fcresel par\u00e7ac\u0131klara ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaz atomizasyonu yoluyla \u00fcretilir. Bu, toz boyutu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve morfolojisi \u00fczerinde s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar tozu ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e boyutsal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve hassas toleranslar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gereken uygulamalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda optik, elektronik, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve uzay bile\u015fenleri, hassas aletler, contalar ve alt tabakalar bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130nvar tozunun temel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 1,2 &#8211; 1,8 x10-6\/\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve sertlik<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Korozyon direnci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130yi iletkenlik ve kaynaklanabilirlik<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geni\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kararl\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130nvar tozu i\u00e7in hangi standartlar ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM F3061 ve DIN 1.3912, contalarda ve hassas uygulamalarda kullan\u0131lan nikel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck genle\u015fmeli invar ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kimyasal bile\u015fimi kapsar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar tozu di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck genle\u015fmeli ala\u015f\u0131mlara k\u0131yasla nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar, yayg\u0131n ala\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CTE'ye sahiptir. Kovar ve Alloy 46 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli alternatifler sunar ancak termal stabiliteden bir miktar \u00f6d\u00fcn verir. S\u00fcper invar son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir CTE'ye sahiptir ancak daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve daha az bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hangi partik\u00fcl boyutlar\u0131 ve kaliteleri mevcuttur?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invar tozu 10 ila 150 mikron boyut aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tedarik edilebilir. Yayg\u0131n nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fi (Invar 36) ve 'dir (Invar 38). Daha y\u00fcksek nikel daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck genle\u015fme sa\u011flar. \u00d6zel ala\u015f\u0131mlar da \u00fcretilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Invar tozu nas\u0131l kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3D_printing_processes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">daha fazla 3D bask\u0131 s\u00fcreci \u00f6\u011frenin<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Invar powder is a nickel-iron alloy powder composed of iron and nickel in proportions that result in an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion. The name &#8220;invar&#8221; comes from the word &#8220;invariable&#8221;, referring to its stable dimensions and resistance to thermal expansion and contraction. Invar powder has become an important material in applications requiring [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5351,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350\/revisions\/5351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5350"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=5350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}