{"id":5350,"date":"2023-09-14T09:26:28","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T01:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/?p=5350"},"modified":"2023-09-14T09:26:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T01:26:42","slug":"invar-powder-composition-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/news\/invar-powder-composition-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/iron-based-alloy-powder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;invar&amp;8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 36-38% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0646\u064a)<\/td><td>36 &#8211; 38%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (Fe)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 (Mn)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Si)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C)<\/td><td>0 &#8211; 0.1%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643&amp;8217;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 36% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3d-printing-powder-1024x361.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-3680\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-srcset=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE). \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a CTE \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 CTE \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.2 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.8 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 100-300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 CTE \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 24 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 17 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>1.2 &amp;#8211\u061b 1.8 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>8.0 &amp;#8211\u061b 8.2 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>450 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0643\u062c\u0645-\u0643\u062c\u0645-\u0643<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>10 &amp;#8211\u061b 30 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645-\u0643<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>70 &#8211; 80 \u03bc\u03a9-\u0633\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a&amp;8217;\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a&amp;8217<\/td><td>140 &amp;#8211\u061b 145 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643&amp;8217;s \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643<\/td><td>0.294 &#8211; 0.305<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td><td>200 &amp;#8211\u061b 240 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>1420 &#8211; 1450\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/th><th>\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td><td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 TCR (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 CTE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631&amp;8217 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/3-1024x532.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-2975\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-srcset=\"\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/th><th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>-140<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 106 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-100<\/td><td>150 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-325<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 45 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-400<\/td><td>38 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-635<\/td><td>20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-2.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>2.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 99% \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 99.9% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 36-38% \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 0.9 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2 \u00d7 10-6\/\u00b0\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5: \u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th><th>\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 %<\/th><th>CTE \u00d7 10-6\/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0648 36\u00ae<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 36\u00ae<\/td><td>36%<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 38\u00ae<\/td><td>38%<\/td><td>~0.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ASTM F3061 &amp;#8211\u061b \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DIN 1.3912 DIN &amp;#8211\u061b \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\/\u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\/\u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6: \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/th><th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0643<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u00ae \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0647\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/td><td>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u00ae \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/td><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 38<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 (ICP-MS)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (OES)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (SEM-EDS) \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 Hall \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f CTE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;#8211\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a CTE \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 7: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 CTE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th><th>CTE \u00d7 10-6\/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36<\/td><td>~1.2<\/td><td>36% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 Fe<\/td><td>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 CTE\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 38<\/td><td>~0.9<\/td><td>38% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 Fe<\/td><td>CTE \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Invar 36<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>~5.9<\/td><td>29% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c 17% \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644. Fe<\/td><td>CTE \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 45<\/td><td>~5<\/td><td>45% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644. Fe<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 46<\/td><td>~2<\/td><td>46% \u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644. Fe<\/td><td>CTE \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>~0.4<\/td><td>32% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f + Co<\/td><td>CTE \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a Invar \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 CTE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 8: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 CTE<\/td><td>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/td><td>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 invar<\/td><td>CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 invar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 45<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 invar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>CTE \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 46<\/td><td>CTE \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 45<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 invar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>CTE \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td><td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 CTE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Kovar \u0648Sloy 45 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-4386\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder.jpg 710w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/am-material.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tungsten-powder-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 36-38% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a 1.2 &amp;#8211\u061b 1.8 \u00d7 10-6\/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a ASTM F3061 \u0648DIN 1.3912 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 36% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 Invar \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 CTE \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 Kovar \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 46 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 CTE \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 Invar \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 36% (Invar 36) \u064838% (Invar 38). \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3D_printing_processes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Invar powder is a nickel-iron alloy powder composed of iron and nickel in proportions that result in an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion. The name &#8220;invar&#8221; comes from the word &#8220;invariable&#8221;, referring to its stable dimensions and resistance to thermal expansion and contraction. Invar powder has become an important material in applications requiring [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5351,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5350\/revisions\/5351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5350"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=5350"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}