{"id":5023,"date":"2023-07-07T10:12:16","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T02:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/?p=5023"},"modified":"2023-07-07T10:12:17","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T02:12:17","slug":"metal-powders-for-3d-printing-unleashing-the-power-of-additive-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/news\/metal-powders-for-3d-printing-unleashing-the-power-of-additive-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.4 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.5 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 4.5 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.6 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 (PBF)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 (PBF) \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 PBF:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (SLM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (SLM) \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (EBM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (EBM) \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 EBM \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 SLM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (DED)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PBF\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (DED). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 DED \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.1 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.2 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.3 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.4 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 7.4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.5 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

8. \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.1 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.2 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.3 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

10. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.1 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.2 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.3 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

11. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642
    <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    12. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u06331: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong> \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u06332: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u06333: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong> \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u06334: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 5: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Introduction In recent years, the field of additive manufacturing has witnessed significant advancements, especially in the realm of 3D printing with metal powders. Metal 3D printing offers a groundbreaking way to fabricate complex and intricate components with high precision and excellent mechanical properties. This article delves into the world of metal powders for 3D […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5024,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023\/revisions\/5024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5023"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/am-material.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=5023"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}